UNIVERSEH: The European Space University

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Short definition:

A robot manipulator is a multi-segmented electronically controlled mechanism that performs tasks by interacting with its surroundings. They are also commonly known as robotic arms. They are widely used in the industry to assist workers to deal with radioactive or biological hazard materials, moving or lifting objects that are too heavy. 

Detailed Definition:

A manipulator is a tool used in robotics to move objects around without the operator having to touch them directly. They have been used in a variety of applications, including robotic surgery, welding automation, and space travel. It is an arm-like device made up of several sliding or jointed segments known as cross-slides that can grip and move items with a variety of degrees of freedom.

A manipulator is a lift-assist device used in industrial ergonomics to assist workers in lifting, moving, and placing objects that are too heavy, too hot, too big, or otherwise too challenging for one worker to handle manually.  A column boom manipulator is utilized in welding to improve deposition rates, decrease human error, and lower costs in a manufacturing environment.

Furthermore, manipulator tooling allows the lift assist to pitch, roll, or spin the part for proper placement. For example, removing a part from a horizontal press and pitching it up for vertical placement in a rack, or rolling a part over to expose the back of the part.

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German:

Manipulator

Polish:

Manipulator

Swedish:

Manipulator

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Definition:

The second smallest planet in the Solar System (6792,4 km in diameter), the fourth planet from the Sun, also referred to as the Red Planet.

Etymology:

The planet is named after Mars,the ancient Roman god of war.

Translations:

• English: Mars    [ˈmɑːrz]
  
• French: Mars    [maʁs]
  
• German: Mars (masc.)    [mars]
• Polish:
• Russian: Марс (masc.)    [mars]
  
• Swedish:
  

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Short Definition:

A Mars habitat is a proposed idea to colonize Mars and establish an autonomous colony. The horrid conditions of Mars will pose an almost insurmountable problem, where concrete solutions still elude us. In theory, Elon Musk said that a crewed landing would occur in 2029, which Is still 6 years away, but this seems to be an unachievable goal in the near future.

Detailed Definition:

A Mars habitat would be a habitat on Mars where humans’ strife to be self-sufficient. In some ways, Mars is even similar to the Earth, but it just differs in too many life essential conditions. The mean temperature on Mars only reaches -63°C and the average natural radiation levels are 40-50 times higher than on Earth due to the missing Ozone layer on Mars. These conditions would be enough to classify it as horrid, but the list goes on. Breathing normally is impossible due to the wrong gas composition, and even the ground you would walk on is cancerous. Another negative is the different gravitational pull, because Mars’ gravity only reaches 38% of the gravity on Earth, which will lead to muscle atrophy and the necessity of intensive sport programs.

These conditions would make an underground base under frozen CO₂ that could be harvested from Mars and another layer of Mars soil a necessity to decrease the chance of getting cancer. At the start of the colony, only nuclear could be used as an energy option, because the varying conditions make others not effective and Mars as a whole is relatively energy poor.

Etymology:

Mars come from older Latin (older than 75 BCE) Māvors which was used as god of war from Middle English

Habitat comes from Latin habitareà meaning habitat (it dwells)

 Sample Sentence(s):

Mars habitats would have to contend with surface conditions that include almost no oxygen in the air, extreme cold, low pressure, and high radiation. (Wikipedia)

French:

Habitat mars

German:

Mars-Habitat

Polish:

Siedlisko na Marsie

Swedish:

Mars livsmiljö

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Short Definition:

Detailed Definition:

Etymology:

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Translations of Terms/Concepts into Partner Languages [Multiple fields for entering the translation of the term in each partner language, additional languages can potentially be added, e.g. Russian, Chinese, Portuguese]

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Source:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meridian_(astronomy)

Short definition: 

Detailed Definition:

In astronomy, a meridian is an imaginary line in the sky that runs from due north to due south, passing through the observer's location and the zenith. The zenith is the point in the sky that is directly overhead. The meridian is used to measure the altitude of objects in the sky, as well as their right ascension and declination. The meridian also marks the boundary between the eastern and western halves of the sky, with objects east of the meridian being in the morning sky and those west of the meridian being in the evening sky.

Etymology:

Latin - medius ‘middle’ + dies ‘day’.

Sample Sentence(s):

"The planet Venus will cross the meridian at 8:00 pm tonight."

"The altitude of the North Star above the horizon can be measured relative to the observer's meridian."

"The meridian passage of a celestial object is the time it crosses the observer's meridian."

Translations:

French:

Le Meridien

German:

Höhepunkt

Polish:

Południk

Links to videos/articles:

https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/m/meridian

https://www.britannica.com/science/celestial-meridian

Short definition: Microgravity, also known as micro-g environment, is when a person or object appear to be weightless but the g-forces are never exactly zero. A clear example of microgravity can be seen when astronauts or objects float in space.

Detailed definition: Microgravity, also known as micro-g environment, is a condition in which an object or a person appear to be weightless, though the g-forces are never exactly zero. "Micro" means “very small”, so microgravity refers to the phenomenon in which gravity appears to be very small. The effects of this condition can be seen when objects and astronauts float inside a spacecraft or outside, while on a spacewalk. 

Microgravity has a variety of effects on the human body. Muscles and bones, for example, can become weaker without having to work as hard. Furthermore, many things appear to behave differently in microgravity. Fire burns in different ways. Flames are more round when the pull of gravity is absent. There is a better growth of crystals. Their shapes are more perfect without gravity.

Etymology: 

“Micro” from ancient greek mikrós/“small” + “gravity” from Latin gravitās/“weight”

• In micro-gravity conditions the cryogenic liquids are without a free surface existing in a slushy state between solid, liquid, and gas.
  
• Experience ´with crystal growth in microgravity shows potential to yield much better results.

Translations of Terms/Concepts into Partner Languages:

• French: Micropesanteur
• German: Schwerelosigkeit
• Polish: mikrograwitacja
• Swedish: Mikrogravitation
• Spanish: Ingravidez

Sources:

Source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milchstraße#/media/Datei:

Artist's_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_(updated_-_annotated).jpg 5th November 2021

Definition:

A large spiral galaxy consisting of several hundred billion stars, dust and gas.The galaxy that includes our solar system, with the name describing the galaxy's appearance from earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye.

Etymology:

The term Milky Way is a translation of the Latin via lactea, from the Greek γαλακτικός κύκλος (galaktikos kýklos), meaning "milky circle”.

Translations:

• English: Milky Way (neutr.) – [ˌmɪlkiː ˈweɪ]
  
• French: voie Lactée (f) [vwa lak.te]
  
• German: Milchstraße (f) [ˈmɪlç.ˌʃtʁaː.sə]
• Polish: Droga Mleczna [ˈdrɔ.ɡa ˈmlɛt͡ʂ.na]
• Portuguese: Via Láctea (f) [ˈvia̝ ˈlakte̯a̝]
• Russian: Млечный Путь [ˈmlʲet͡ɕnɨj ˈputʲ]
• Swedish: Vintergatan  [ventərˈkɔɑːtan]

Full moon

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FullMoon2010.jpg 25 Nov. 2021

Natural satellites

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_satellite#/media/File:Moons_of_solar_system_v7.jpg 25 Nov. 2021

Definition

The Moon (Luna, Selene, Cynthia) as Earth’s only natural satellite; moons as natural satellites

Etymology:

From Proto-Indo-European “mēnsis” meaning “month" -> Proto-Germanic “mēnōn” -> Old English “mōna”

Translations:

• French: lune (f) [lyn]
  
• German: Mond (m) [moːnt]
  
• Polish: księżyc [‘kɕɛw̃ʒɨt͡s]
  
• Portuguese: lua (f) [‘lua]
  
• Swedish: måne [ˈmoːˌnɛ]
  

Links to videos/articles:

By SpaceMusk - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=76817044

Short Definition:

A Moon Base is a type of facility on the surface of the moon, that could help us building up a colony on the moon.It could be the next frontier on our endeavour to become intergalactic and it could be a steppingstone to regions, that are not feasibly reached by spacecraft from earth, or it could become a centre for industry. In this way we could outsource industry or practices, that are not likely to become CO2-neutral soon.

Detailed Definition:

A Moon Base is a type of facility on the surface of the moon, which enables human activity on the moon.

As China and USA chose the same locations for their proposed moon bases, it could lead to the next smaller space race to the moon, only this time the mission would be to stay on it and to leave a small team to colonize the moon.

Ice from the poles could be melted to get Water and this in turn could be split by electrolysis to hydrogen and oxygen, which are the main ingredients for liquid rocket fuel.

The moon base could be used as a steppingstone to far distances because the rocket fuel needed to transport cargo from the moon is much lower than the earth due to the decreased escape velocity. So, a moon base could be used as a stopover to other proposed ideas like asteroid mining or it could help the Mars base.

To justify the high investment costs, the moon base needs to be economically viable sooner rather than later. The mining of important resources like aluminium, titanium, and helium -3, which is used to fuel fusion reactors, could be helpful, if it proves to be economically and ecologically viable.

A few suggestions could make this project much more autonomous by producing living soil from lunar regolith and mixing the moons soil, regolith and a plant-based glue to produce a 3D-printing material, which will prove to be absolutely essential for this kind of project.

Etymology:

Moon from Old English mōna

Base from Latin basis and from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis)

A Moon base could help with making fusion reactors more efficient, by having a higher abundance percentage of Helium-3, which is used as a fuel in those reactors.

If a Moon base can prove to become autonomous, we could outsource some of our CO2- intensive industries to the moon, if it also proves to be economically viable